How Chat Systems Became Digital Infrastructure Across the Networked Age: From Instant Messages to Intelligent Assistants

The story of chat systems begins far earlier than AI assistants. In the 1950s, computers were massive, scarce, and difficult to operate. Work was usually handled through queued jobs. People prepared paper tapes, submitted programs and data, and waited for a line-printer output to return answers. This process was indirect, and it left little space f

read more